Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide diuretic. It helps your body get rid of excess salt and water by increasing urine production. This lowers blood pressure and reduces fluid retention.
Specifically, HCTZ acts on your kidneys. It blocks the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the early part of the nephron, a tiny filtering unit within the kidney. This increased sodium and chloride excretion leads to increased water excretion, thus lowering blood volume and pressure.
The reduced blood volume directly contributes to lower blood pressure. This makes HCTZ effective in treating hypertension (high blood pressure) and associated conditions like edema (swelling caused by fluid retention).
Doctors often prescribe HCTZ in combination with other medications, such as ACE inhibitors or ARBs, to further enhance blood pressure control. The precise dosage and combination depend on individual health factors and treatment goals.
While generally safe, HCTZ can cause side effects like dizziness, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. It’s crucial to discuss any potential side effects with your doctor before starting or continuing HCTZ treatment. Regular blood tests may be necessary to monitor your electrolyte levels.
