Both Haldol lactate (oral) and Haldol decanoate (injectable) share similar side effect profiles, primarily due to their shared active ingredient, haloperidol. However, differences in administration routes influence the onset and severity of these effects.
Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS): Acute dystonia (muscle spasms), akathisia (restlessness), Parkinsonism (tremor, rigidity), and tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements) are potential side effects for both formulations. Haldol decanoate, due to its slower release, might exhibit a slightly lower risk of acute EPS but carries a higher risk of tardive dyskinesia with long-term use. Regular monitoring is crucial.
Anticholinergic Effects: Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention are common with both formulations. These are typically more pronounced with Haldol lactate due to faster absorption. Adequate hydration and dietary adjustments can help mitigate these effects.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): A rare but serious side effect, NMS presents with high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic instability. While rare with both formulations, immediate medical attention is necessary if symptoms arise. NMS risk is generally considered similar for both.
Sedation: Sedation is more frequently reported with oral Haldol lactate initially, subsiding with continued use. Decanoate may cause less initial sedation, but its effects are longer-lasting.
Cardiac Effects: Both can prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of arrhythmias, especially in patients with pre-existing heart conditions. Careful monitoring and electrocardiograms (ECGs) may be necessary.
Metabolic Effects: Weight gain and hyperglycemia are potential long-term side effects, potentially more pronounced with prolonged use of either formulation. Regular monitoring of weight and blood glucose is advised.
Individual Variability: It is essential to remember that individual responses to both formulations vary considerably. Close monitoring by a healthcare professional allows for prompt adjustment of dosage and management of side effects.
