Furosemide, a potent loop diuretic, significantly impacts several electrolytes. Potassium loss is a primary concern. Furosemide blocks sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle, indirectly affecting potassium reabsorption. This leads to hypokalemia, potentially causing muscle weakness, including leg cramps, and cardiac arrhythmias. Regular potassium level monitoring is crucial, and supplementation may be necessary, especially in patients prone to low potassium or taking other medications that deplete it. Your doctor will help determine appropriate supplementation strategies based on your individual needs.
Sodium and Chloride
Besides potassium, furosemide also promotes sodium and chloride excretion. While less frequently problematic than potassium loss, significant sodium depletion (hyponatremia) can trigger symptoms like fatigue and nausea, potentially exacerbating leg cramps. Similarly, hypochloremia, although often asymptomatic, can contribute to metabolic alkalosis, influencing overall electrolyte balance.
Magnesium and Calcium
Furosemide can also increase the excretion of magnesium and calcium. Magnesium deficiency can cause muscle weakness and cramps, while hypocalcemia may result in muscle spasms and tetany. Monitoring these electrolytes and addressing any deficiencies is also a valuable part of managing furosemide therapy.
